| 1. |
ISebe leMfundo esiSiseko likazwelonke (i-DBE) licela zonke izikolo zithathe inxaxheba kwi-2018 National Schools' Oral History Competition for the Nkosi Albert Luthuli Young Historians' Award. |
| 2. |
Olu khuphiswano lwaqaliswa ngo-2005 kwaye luyinxenye yegalelo leDBE lokomeleza ukufunda nokufundisa ezeMbali ezikolweni. |
| 3. |
Lukwayinxenye yephulo leDBE eliqhubelekayo lokukhuthaza bonke abafundi baphuhle kulwazi, olungapheleli nje kwimbali ngokubanzi yaseMzantsi Afrika, koko, kwakhona bakwazi ukutyeba kweembali zabantu beendawo abahlala kuzo. Eli lithuba labafundi abaselula lokuzuza amava okuphuhla kwizakhono zophando ezibaluleke gqitha. |
| 4. |
Olu khuphiswano luvuleleke kubafundi nakootitshala beeSayensi zeNtlalo/kwabezeMbali ukususela kumaBakala 8 ukuya kwele-11. |
| 5. |
Ukhuphiswano lwabafundi
Abafundi kuya kufuneka ukuba benze uphando bacwangcise nenkcazo-ntetho yomlomo ngesinye sezi zihloko zilandelayo:
| 5.1 |
ICandelo A: Ubomi nobugorha bamaqhawe namaqhawekazi kwanokufumanisa ngamaqhawe namaqhawekazi angakhankanywayo
- Ongasekhoyo uMongameli Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela wazalwa ngowe-18 Julayi 1918. Wachitha iminyaka eyi-27 esentolongweni ngokulwa echasene nongonyamelo lwabamhlophe, ingcinezelo kunye nobuhlanga. Waba ngumntu wokuqala omnyama, onyulwe njengoMongameli waseMzantsi Afrika phantsi kwenkqubo yentando yesininzi kwaye waye wamiselwa ngo-1994. Kubomi bakhe buphela, wayelwela ukumiselwa kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi echaseneyo nobuhlanga, engacaluli ngokwesini neluthiyileyo ucalulo. Wayenqwenela ukubona ilizwe apho bonke abantu babeya kufumana khona impatho elinganayo nenesidima. Ngethuba lokuba sesikhundleni kwakhe njengoMongameli weRiphablikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika, nangaphaya koko, wayesoloko ezimisele ukusebenza nokuphucula impilo yabemi baseMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi abantwana.
(Unyaka ka-2018 ubhengezwa njengeminyaka elikhulu yalowo ungasekhoyo uMongameli Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Ukukhumbula ubomi balowo wayephumelele iMbasa yoXolo kaNobel, kulindeleke ukuba abafundi baqhube udliwano-ndlebe nomntu othile ohamba ekhondweni leemfundiso nemithetho-siseko (principles) yongasekhoyo, uMongameli Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela owayephila ekholelwa kuzo. Umntu lowo utyunjiweyo makabe ngulowo ubandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni uMzantsi Afrika ochaseneyo nocalulo lobuhlanga, omanyeneyo, ochaseneyo nocalulo ngokwesini, onempumelelo noxolo kunye nomba wokuba bonke abemi bamanyane kwiyantlukwano yabo. Abafundi mababonakalise indlela igalelo labo eliyiphucule ngayo impilo yabantu basekuhlaleni kwabo.)
- UNontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu wazalwa ngowe-21 Oktobha 1918 waza wasweleka ngowe-02 Juni 2011. Wayelitshantliziyo laseMzantsi Afrika elalichasene nocalucalulo nowayesaziwa ngesiteketiso sokuba nguMaSisulu okanye "uMama weSizwe". Ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe, wonyulwa njengelungu le-Executive Federation of South African Women ngo-1954. Njengetshantliziyo, wazibandakanya nomngcelele wabafazi abayi-20 000 owawusingise kwiZakhiwo zeloMdibaniso ePitoli nge-09 Agasti 1956 bekhalazela imithetho yamapasi eyayinyanzeliswa ngurhulumente wocalucalulo. Ngo-1994, wonyulwa kwiPalamente yokuqala yolawulo lwedemokhrasi waza kwintlanganiso yokuqala yale palamente wanenyhweba yokutyumba uNelson Mandela njengoMongameli weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika. Ngaloo nyaka wazuza iwonga elalivela kulowo wayenguMongameli uMandela. Ubandakanyelo lwakhe kumsebenzi wophuhliso loluntu uquka ukusekwa kwamaziko anjengala:
- Isikolo sabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa nolutsha olunokhubazeko - abanomngeni oqatseleyo/ophakathi ngokwasengqondweni.
- Iziko lophuhliso labantwana abaselula elenzelwe abafundi ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu yobudala.
- Inkqubo yokondla abafundi abasweleyo.
(Njengenxalenye yokukhumbula isentinari (iminyaka eyi-100) kaMama Sisulu, abafundi kulindeleke baqhube uphando nodliwano-ndlebe kunye nalo naliphi ilungu lombutho wasekuhlaleni okanye netshantliziyo elibhinqileyo eliqhubelekayo ukuhamba ekhondweni leemfundiso nemithetho-siseko yokungacingeli siqu sakhe kuphela okwakulwelwa leli qhawekazi linguAlbertina Sisulu - okunjengokulwela nokuxhasa ukulingana ngokwesini, ukufumana imfundo nokubandakanyeka kwabantu ngabantu. Umntu ngamnye makabandakanyeke ekuphelisweni nya nasekulweni ungcungcuthekiso ngokwesondo nobundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini, okanye umntu makabe ngobandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwabantwana abaselula okanye kwiiprogram eziphucula impilo yolutsha abanomngeni ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni.)
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| 5.2 |
ICandelo B: Inguqu kwinkqubo karhulumente omtsha
- Imbali yesikolo sam. Indlela esiphenjelelwe ngayo ziinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezaziswa nguMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika, ngo-1996, ukususela ekungeneni kolawulo lwedemokhrasi ngo-1994.
(Umfundi kulindeleke ukuba aqhube udliwano-ndlebe nabantu basekuhlaleni (ootitshala, iinqununu nabo babesaya kuba ngabafundi) ukubonakalisa indlela isikolo sakho esiphendule ngayo kwiinguqu zedemokhrasi nakwibango lemfundo esemgangathweni, esekuhleni, nemigaqo-nkqubo kwanolawulo oluchaseneyo nocalulo ngokwesini, oluchaseneyo nobuhlanga kunye nocalulo kwiminyaka edlulileyo.)
- Umthetho iNative Land Act, 1913 (Act 27 of 1913), owaphunyezwa ngurhulumente wocalucalulo wayalela abamnyama ukuba babe ngabanini be-7% yomhlaba. Esi siqwengana sowiso-mthetho kwakhona saboxutha abantu abamnyama ilungelo lokuba ngabanini-mhlaba kwaye sasisandulela eminye imiIhetho eyayicinezela gqitha enjengomthetho iGroup Areas Act, 1950 (Act 41 of 1950).
Ukulungisa intswela-bulungisa yexesha elidlulileyo eyayize nomthetho iNative Land Act, 1993 (Act 27 of 1913), uMgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika, ka-1996, uqinisekisa ngelungelo lokufikelela ngokulinganayo kumhlaba kwabo bonke abemi. Ngokwesiqendu 25(5) soMgaqo-siseko, "Urhulumente kufuneka athabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ezomthetho namanye amanyathelo, ngokweendlela anazo, ukukhuthaza iimeko ezenza ukuba abemi bafumane umhlaba ngendlela engenamkhethe/engenasheyi". Lo mba wokugqibela unikwa ingqwalasela imeko yamalungelo epropathi akhuselekileyo phantsi koMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika, ka-1996. Isiqendu 25(7) sichaza ukuba, "Umntu okanye abantu abaye bahluthwa ipropati yabo emva komhla we-19 kuJuni 1913 ngenxa yemithetho okanye izenzo zamandulo zocalulo ngokobuhlanga kufanelekile, kangangoko kukho isibonelelo ngokomThetho wePalamente, ukuba abuyiselwe loo propati okanye abuyekezwe alungiselelwe ngendlela enobulungisa/engenasheyi."
(Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba baqhube udliwano-ndlebe noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ekuye kwenzeka ukuba impilo yabo ibe nokuchatshazelwa ngumthetho iNative Land Act, 1913 (Act 27 of 1913). Abafundi kulindelekile kwakhona ukuba benze ibali ngenkqubela eyenziweyo nendlela eyenza ukuba kuxhamle bonke abantu abangabemi baseMzantsi Afrika.)
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| 5.3 |
ICandelo C: Idemokhrasi, inkcubeko, imvelaphi elilifa lethu namalungelo oluntu
UMzantsi Afrika wawujamelene nokuvumbuluka koko kwakuchazwe jikelele njengokuthiya abemi bamanye amazwe (xenophobia) ngo-2008 no-2009 nalapho amakhulu ngamakhulu abantu, kuqukwa nabantwana besikolo, bawashiyayo amakhaya abo. Izinto ezazixhalabisa ngethuba lezi ziganeko zokuthiya abemi bamanye amazwe, kuqukwa nokunyashwa kwamalungelo oluntu, uphazamiseko lwezikolo, ubundlobongela, ukubetha neenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho olonakalisayo. Oku kuchasene noMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi waseMzantsi Afrika, ka-1996, oqinisekisa ngamalungelo abantu bonke, kuqukwa nabemi bamazwe angaphandle. Ngokwentshayelelo yoMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika, ka-1996, ongowona mthetho uphakamileyo welizwe lethu, "uMzantsi Afrika ngowomntu wonke ohlala kuwo".
(Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba baqhube uvavanyo nophando nomntu wasekuhlaleni ongengommi waseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa oqhubelekayo, nakubeni kunjalo, ukufaka igalelo elincomekayo kwezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, ezemfundo okanye kwinkcubeko eyimvelaphi yethu yaseMzantsi Afrika kwaye ethabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yophuhliso loluntu ejolise ekuphuculeni impilo yabanye abantu.)
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| 6. |
Kucelwa uqaphele okulandelayo:
- Le projekthi mayisekelwe kuphando lwembali yomlomo.
- Kucetyiswa abafundi nootitshala bangene kwiziko lewebhu i-South African History Online website apha: www.sahistory.org.za ukufumana ingcaciso ngomsebenzi wophando lwembali yomlomo nakwiziko lewebhu i-South African History Archives apha: www.saha.org.za.
- Abafundi mabancediswe ekukhetheni kwabo abantu ekuya kwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo, bancediswe kakhulu ekukhetheni abantu abasuka kwasekuhlaleni kwabo.
- Abafundi mabacetyiswe ekwenzeni udliwano-ndlebe nabantu ubuncinane abathathu ukuya kubantu abane.
- Abafundi mabangenise iphothifoliyo ebonisa wonke umsebenzi wophando lwabo.
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| 7. |
Izinto emazenziwe ngabafundi |
| 7.1 |
Yenza ingcaciso-ntetho yomlomo - nengajolise ekubeni ibe ngumdlalo-kulinganiswa okanye isihobe). |
| 7.2 |
Yenza iphothifoliyo ebhaliweyo, nemayiquke oku kulandelayo:
- Ubungqina bophando - abafundi mabaqhube udliwano-ndlebe nabantu basekuhlaleni kwaye babe nokubonisa ubungqina bodliwano-ndlebe, umzekelo:
- iileta eziya kwabo baza kwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe;
- iitranskripthi zodliwano-ndlebe okanye zokurekhodwe ngetheyiphu; kunye
- noluhlu lwemibuzo ebuzwe kubantu ebekuqhutywa udliwano-ndlebe nabo kwaneempendulo zabo - nokuba zezibhaliweyo okanye ezirekhodwe kwi-digital tape recording.
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| 7.3 |
Wonke umsebenzi obhaliweyo neengcaciso-ntetho mazibe ngolwimi lwesiNgesi. |
| 7.4 |
Iiphothifoliyo mazibonise kwakhona ubungqina bokucinga nzulu kwaye ukwenza oku abafundi kufuneka:
- bacacise gca ukuba kutheni le nto bekhethe aba bantu baye benza udliwano-ndlebe nabo;
- babonise ukuyiqonda kakuhle imeko yezembali apho umntu wayesebenza;
- bacacise malunga nendlela ingcaciso yodliwano-ndlebe enxulumana ngayo nemeko yezembali okanye indlela encedisa ngayo ukuqonda iziganeko ngokwembono yomntu lowo;
- baquke imbono yabo malunga noko bakufundileyo malunga nokwakuya kwenzeka kubantu ngabanye malunga nokuzisa utshintsho eluntwini;
- babelane ngoko bakufundileyo ngethuba bebesenza uphando lwezembali yomlomo;
- babelane ngexabiso lophando lwezembali yomlomo ekusincedeni ukuba siyiqonde imbali yethu;
- bachaze bonke oovimba bolwazi abasetyenzisiweyo kwiiphothifoliyo zabo;
- bafake ibhibliyografi; yaye
- bakhumbule ukuba kuya kohlwayelwa kanobom ukunyitywa kweembono.
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| 8. |
Emakwenziwe ngootitshala |
| 8.1 |
Ootitshala abasuka kwizikolo eziziisekondari abangenela ukhuphiswano kuya kufuneka benze isicwangciso somsebenzi (work plan) sendlela abayicwangcise ngayo iprojekthi yembali yomlomo eklasini. |
| 8.2 |
Utitshala ngamnye kuya kufuneka anike ingcaciso-ntetho yephothifoliyo okanye yomsebenzi wophando lwakhe kwiphaneli yabagwebi azilungiselele ukubamba ingxoxo yephaneli. |
| 8.3 |
Ootitshala kufuneka bafake ezi zinto zilandelayo kwiphothifoliyo yokhuphiswano:
- Yaziswe njani iprojekthi yembali yomlomo eklasini.
- Ithini inkcazo eyanikwa abafundi ngokukhetha nokuyokuthetha nabo kusengaqhutywa udliwano-ndlebe nabo.
- Indlela yokulungiselela nokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe kwanokusebenzisa udliwano-ndlebe njengobungqina bokufikelela kwizigqibo ngegalelo lomntu lowo.
- Zeziphi iinkqubo zongenelelo ngoncedo ootitshala abazenzileyo ekuncediseni abafundi ekugqibeni le projekthi;
- Yintoni utitshala acinga ukuba yabanceda abafundi ekwenzeni kwabo uphando ngembali yomlomo.
- Makufakwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizekelo yomsebenzi wabafundi.
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| 9. |
Inkqubo yoKhuphiswano i-Young Historians' Competition |
| 9.1 |
Ootitshala mabakhethe yaye balungiselele abafundi imijikelo yokukhiqwa kwabangaphumelelanga (elimination rounds) kwizithili, baqinisekise ukuba bonke abafundi abangenele ukhuphiswano bakhona, yaye balulungele ukhuphiswano lwephondo bekwaqinisekisa ukuba kukho izithuthi eziyimfuneko ezilungiselelweyo ukuya nokubuya kukhuphiswano |
| 9.2 |
Abafundi kufuneka:
- bagqibe ukwenza umsebenzi wophando, iikhweshine, udliwano-ndlebe neetranskripthi zabo kuselithuba kakhulu ngaphambi kokhuphiswano;
- baqinisekise ukuba bazenzile iiphothifoliyo zabo ezibubungqina;
- bagqibe ukuzenza iingcaciso-ntetho zabo;
- babe nako ukuphendula nayiphi imibuzo ngeeprojekthi nomsebenzi wophando lwabo; yaye
- babe nokucinga nzulu kwanokwabelana ngamava abo.
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| 9.3 |
Kulindeleke izikolo zingenise iifom zazo zokubhalisa kubacebisi ngezifundo abachaphazelekayo kwiiSayensi zeNtlalo nakwizifundo zeMbali. |
| 9.4 |
Kulindeleke abacebisi ngezifundo baqinisekise umgangatho (quality assure) weephothifoliyo ezibhaliweyo kunye neengcaciso-ntetho baququzelele ukhuphiswano lwezithili lwemijikelo yokukhiqa abangaphumelelanga (elimination rounds). Izithili ziya kukhetha abafundi babe bahlanu abaya kubamela kukhuphiswano lwephondo. |
| 9.5 |
Abacebisi ngezifundo abakwizithili baya kwenza amalungiselelo oomasifundisane abongezelelweyo ootitshala nabafundi. Amaxesha neendawo ekuya kuqhubekela kuzo bonke oomasifundisane ziya kuqinisekiswa ngokudlula kubacebisi ngezekharityhulam beeSayensi zeNtlalo nakwabezifundo zeMbali. |
| 9.6 |
Inkqubo yokugweba yephondo iya kuqhubeka ngowe-25 Agasti 2018. |
| 9.7 |
Fumana apha kufakwe iigridi zenkqubo yokugweba zootitshala nabafundi (isiHlomelo A), ifom yokufumana imvume eyenzelwe abantu ekuza kuqhutywa udliwano-ndlebe nabo (isiHlomelo B) kwaza kwafakwa nefom ye-apreyizali eyenzelwe abantu ekuza kwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo (isiHlomelo C). |
| 9.8 |
I-DBE iya kuhlawula iindleko zohambo nezokulala zabafundi nootitshala abathatha inxaxheba ngethuba lokhuphiswano lukazwelonke oluya kuqhutyelwa ePitoli ukususela nge-28 Septemba ukuya kowe-01 Oktobha 2018. |
| 9.9 |
Kucelwa ufumane ishedyuli eqhotyoshelweyo yemihla yokhuphiswano (kwisiHlomelo D). |
| 10. |
Iifom zokubhalisa (isiHlomelo E) mazingeniswe ungadlulanga owe-01 Juni 2018 kubacebisi ngezifundo zeeSayensi zezeNtlalo/abezeMbali bezithili abachaphazelekayo abadweliswe apha ngezantsi:
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| 11. |
Kucelwa iinqununu zazise okukule ngcaciso imfutshane ikomiti yolawulo lwesikolo nootitshala abachaphezelekayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo. |
ISAYINWE: NGU-PAD BEETS
USEKELA MLAWULI-JIKELELE WOLAWULO LWEKHARITYHULAM NOVAVANYO
UMHLA: 2018:05:25
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